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Maven Web 应用
Maven Web 应用本章节我们将学习如何使用版本控制系统 Maven 来管理一个基于 web 的项目，如何创建、构建、部署已经运行一个 web 应用。创建 Web 应用我们可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件来创建一个简单的 Java web 应用。打开命令控制台，进入到 C:
\MVN 文件夹，然后执行以下的 mvn 命令：C:
\MVN>mvn archetype:
generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false执行完后 Maven 将开始处理，并且创建完整的于Java Web 项目的目录结构。[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix:
'archetype'.[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building Maven Default Project[INFO] task-segment:
[archetype:
generate] (aggregator-style)[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Preparing archetype:
generate[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping[INFO] [archetype:
generate {execution:
default-cli}][INFO] Generating project in Batch mode[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype:
maven-archetype-webapp:
1.0[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Parameter:
groupId, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
packageName, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
package, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
artifactId, Value:
trucks[INFO] Parameter:
basedir, Value:
C:
\MVN[INFO] Parameter:
version, Value:
1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir:
C:
\MVN\trucks[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time:
16 seconds[INFO] Finished at:
Tue Jul 17 11:
00:
00 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory:
20M/89M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------执行完后，我们可以在 C:
/MVN 文件夹下看到 trucks 项目，查看项目的目录结构：Maven 目录结构是标准的，各个目录作用如下表所示:
文件夹结构描述trucks包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml 文件。src/main/webapp包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夹.src/main/webapp/WEB-INF包含 web.xml 文件src/main/resources包含图片、properties资源文件。pom.xml 文件代码如下：<project xmlns="http:
//maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:
xsi="http:
//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:
schemaLocation="http:
//maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http:
//maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId><artifactId>trucks</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>trucks Maven Webapp</name><url>http:
//maven.apache.org</url><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>trucks</finalName></build></project>接下来我们打开 C:
\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹，可以看到一个已经创建好的 index.jsp 文件，代码如下：<html><body><h2>Hello World!</h2></body></html>构建 Web 应用打开命令控制台，进入 C:
\MVN\trucks 目录，然后执行下面的以下 mvn 命令：C:
\MVN\trucks>mvn clean packageMaven 将开始构建项目:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp[INFO] task-segment:
[clean, package][INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] [clean:
clean {execution:
default-clean}][INFO] [resources:
resources {execution:
default-resources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] Copying 0 resource[INFO] [compiler:
compile {execution:
default-compile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [resources:
testResources {execution:
default-testResources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:
\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources[INFO] [compiler:
testCompile {execution:
default-testCompile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [surefire:
test {execution:
default-test}][INFO] No tests to run.[INFO] [war:
war {execution:
default-war}][INFO] Packaging webapp[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:
\MVN\trucks\target\trucks][INFO] Processing war project[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:
\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp][INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs][INFO] Building war:
C:
\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time:
3 seconds[INFO] Finished at:
Tue Jul 17 11:
22:
45 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory:
11M/85M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------部署 Web 应用打开 C:
\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夹，找到 trucks.war 文件，并复制到你的 web 服务器的 web 应用目录，然后重启 web 服务器。测试 Web 应用访问以下 URL 运行 web 应用：http:
//:
/trucks/index.jsp验证结果：
\MVN 文件夹，然后执行以下的 mvn 命令：C:
\MVN>mvn archetype:
generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false执行完后 Maven 将开始处理，并且创建完整的于Java Web 项目的目录结构。[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix:
'archetype'.[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building Maven Default Project[INFO] task-segment:
[archetype:
generate] (aggregator-style)[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Preparing archetype:
generate[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping[INFO] [archetype:
generate {execution:
default-cli}][INFO] Generating project in Batch mode[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype:
maven-archetype-webapp:
1.0[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Parameter:
groupId, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
packageName, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
package, Value:
com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter:
artifactId, Value:
trucks[INFO] Parameter:
basedir, Value:
C:
\MVN[INFO] Parameter:
version, Value:
1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir:
C:
\MVN\trucks[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time:
16 seconds[INFO] Finished at:
Tue Jul 17 11:
00:
00 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory:
20M/89M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------执行完后，我们可以在 C:
/MVN 文件夹下看到 trucks 项目，查看项目的目录结构：Maven 目录结构是标准的，各个目录作用如下表所示:
文件夹结构描述trucks包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml 文件。src/main/webapp包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夹.src/main/webapp/WEB-INF包含 web.xml 文件src/main/resources包含图片、properties资源文件。pom.xml 文件代码如下：<project xmlns="http:
//maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:
xsi="http:
//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:
schemaLocation="http:
//maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http:
//maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId><artifactId>trucks</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>trucks Maven Webapp</name><url>http:
//maven.apache.org</url><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>trucks</finalName></build></project>接下来我们打开 C:
\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹，可以看到一个已经创建好的 index.jsp 文件，代码如下：<html><body><h2>Hello World!</h2></body></html>构建 Web 应用打开命令控制台，进入 C:
\MVN\trucks 目录，然后执行下面的以下 mvn 命令：C:
\MVN\trucks>mvn clean packageMaven 将开始构建项目:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp[INFO] task-segment:
[clean, package][INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] [clean:
clean {execution:
default-clean}][INFO] [resources:
resources {execution:
default-resources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] Copying 0 resource[INFO] [compiler:
compile {execution:
default-compile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [resources:
testResources {execution:
default-testResources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:
\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources[INFO] [compiler:
testCompile {execution:
default-testCompile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [surefire:
test {execution:
default-test}][INFO] No tests to run.[INFO] [war:
war {execution:
default-war}][INFO] Packaging webapp[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:
\MVN\trucks\target\trucks][INFO] Processing war project[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:
\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp][INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs][INFO] Building war:
C:
\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time:
3 seconds[INFO] Finished at:
Tue Jul 17 11:
22:
45 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory:
11M/85M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------部署 Web 应用打开 C:
\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夹，找到 trucks.war 文件，并复制到你的 web 服务器的 web 应用目录，然后重启 web 服务器。测试 Web 应用访问以下 URL 运行 web 应用：http:
//:
/trucks/index.jsp验证结果：
Maven Web 应用
