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Apache Maven Web 应用
由 珍珍阿姨 创建， 最后一次修改 2016-08-12 Maven - Web 应用本教程将指导你如何使用 Maven 版本控制系统来管理一个基于 Web 的工程。在此，你将学习到如何创建/构建/部署以及运行 Web 应用程序：创建 Web 应用建立一个简单的 Java web 应用，我们可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。首先我们打开命令控制台，进入 C:\MVN 目录并且执行以下的 mvn 命令。C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=falseMaven 将开始处理并且将创建完整的基于 Web 的 java 应用工程结构。[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building Maven Default Project[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}][INFO] Generating project in Batch mode[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------现在进入 C:/MVN 目录，你将看到一个名为 trucks（由 artifactld 指定）的 java 应用工程。Maven 使用一个标准的目录架构，如上示例，我们可以理解以下的关键概念：文件夹结构描述trucks包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xmlsrc/main/webapp包含 index.jsp 和 WEB-INF 文件夹.src/main/webapp/WEB-INF包含 web.xmlsrc/main/resources包含 images / properties 文件。POM.xml<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId> <artifactId>trucks</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>trucks</finalName> </build></project>如果仔细观察，Maven 还创建了一个示例 JSP 的源文件。打开 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹, 你将看到 index.jsp.<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body></html>Build Web Application打开终端，进入 C:\MVN\trucks 目录，然后执行如下 mvn 命令.C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean packageMaven 将会开始构建此工程，日志输出如下：[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp[INFO] task-segment: [clean, package][INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}][INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] Copying 0 resource[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}][WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}][INFO] No sources to compile[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}][INFO] No tests to run.[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}][INFO] Packaging webapp[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks][INFO] Processing war project[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp][INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs][INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------部署 Web 应用现在拷贝在 C:\ > MVN > trucks > target > 文件夹下的 trucks.war 到你的 web 服务器的 webapp 目录下，并且重启 web 服务。测试 Web 应用使用 URL: http://\<server-name>:\<port-number>/trucks/index.jsp 来运行你的 Web 应用。验证输出结果：
Apache Maven Web 应用
