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Linux全局变量jiffies的用法
jiffies是Linux系统中的全局变量,与时间有关,那么jiffies变量具体有哪些作用呢?下面是个简单易学的Linux全局变量jiffies的用法,华军小编详细图解介绍包你轻松学会,喜欢的朋友赶紧get起来吧! 系统运行时间以秒为单位,等于jiffies/Hz。 注意,jiffies类型为无符号长整型(unsigned long),其他任何类型存放它都不正确。 将以秒为单位的时间转化为jiffies: seconds * Hz 将jiffies转化为以秒为单位的时间: jiffies / Hz 相比之下,内核中将秒转换为jiffies用的多些。 jiffies的内部表示 jiffies定义于文件中: /* * The 64-bit value is not atomic - you MUST NOT read it * without sampling the sequence number in xtime_lock. * get_jiffies_64() will do this for you as appropriate. */ extern u64 __jiffy_data jiffies_64; extern unsigned long volatile __jiffy_data jiffies; ld(1)脚本用于连接主内核映像(在x86上位于arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S中),然后用jiffies_64变量的初值覆盖jiffies变量。因此jiffies取整个jiffies_64变量的低32位。 访问jiffies的代码只会读取jiffies_64的低32位,通过get_jiffies_64()函数就可以读取整个64位的值。在64位体系结构上,jiffies_64和jiffies指的是同一个变量。 #if (BITS_PER_LONG 《 64) u64 get_jiffies_64(void); #else static inline u64 get_jiffies_64(void) { return (u64)jiffies; } #endif 在中 #if (BITS_PER_LONG 《 64) u64 get_jiffies_64(void) { unsigned long seq; u64 ret; do { seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock); ret = jiffies_64; } while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq)); return ret; } jiffies的回绕wrap around 当jiffies的值超过它的最大存放范围后就会发生溢出。对于32位无符号长整型,最大取值为(2^32)-1,即429496795。如果节拍计数达到了最大值后还要继续增加,它的值就会回绕到0。 内核提供了四个宏来帮助比较节拍计数,它们能正确的处理节拍计数回绕的问题: /* * These inlines deal with timer wrapping correctly. You are * strongly encouraged to use them * 1. Because people otherwise forget * 2. Because if the timer wrap changes in future you won‘t have to * alter your driver code. * * time_after(a,b) returns true if the time a is after time b. * * Do this with “《0” and “》=0” to only test the sign of the result. A * good compiler would generate better code (and a really good compiler * wouldn’t care)。 Gcc is currently neither. */ #define time_after(a,b) / (typecheck(unsigned long, a) && / typecheck(unsigned long, b) && / ((long)(b) - (long)(a) 《 0)) #define time_before(a,b) time_after(b,a) #define time_after_eq(a,b) / (typecheck(unsigned long, a) && / typecheck(unsigned long, b) && / ((long)(a) - (long)(b) 》= 0)) #define time_before_eq(a,b) time_after_eq(b,a) /* Same as above, but does so with platform independent 64bit types. * These must be used when utilizing jiffies_64 (i.e. return value of * get_jiffies_64() */ #define time_after64(a,b) / (typecheck(__u64, a) && / typecheck(__u64, b) && / ((__s64)(b) - (__s64)(a) 《 0)) #define time_before64(a,b) time_after64(b,a) #define time_after_eq64(a,b) / (typecheck(__u64, a) && / typecheck(__u64, b) && / ((__s64)(a) - (__s64)(b) 》= 0)) #define time_before_eq64(a,b) time_after_eq64(b,a) 用户空间和HZ
Linux全局变量jiffies的用法