Spark SQL RDDs

由 ligaihe 创建，路飞 最后一次修改 2016-02-24 RDDsSpark支持两种方法将存在的RDDs转换为SchemaRDDs。第一种方法使用反射来推断包含特定对象类型的RDD的模式(schema)。在你写spark程序的同时，当你已经知道了模式，这种基于反射的方法可以使代码更简洁并且程序工作得更好。创建SchemaRDDs的第二种方法是通过一个编程接口来实现，这个接口允许你构造一个模式，然后在存在的RDDs上使用它。虽然这种方法更冗长，但是它允许你在运行期之前不知道列以及列的类型的情况下构造SchemaRDDs。利用反射推断模式Spark SQL的Scala接口支持将包含样本类的RDDs自动转换为SchemaRDD。这个样本类定义了表的模式。给样本类的参数名字通过反射来读取，然后作为列的名字。样本类可以嵌套或者包含复杂的类型如序列或者数组。这个RDD可以隐式转化为一个SchemaRDD，然后注册为一个表。表可以在后续的sql语句中使用。// sc is an existing SparkContext.val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)// createSchemaRDD is used to implicitly convert an RDD to a SchemaRDD.import sqlContext.createSchemaRDD// Define the schema using a case class.// Note: Case classes in Scala 2.10 can support only up to 22 fields. To work around this limit,// you can use custom classes that implement the Product interface.case class Person(name: String, age: Int)// Create an RDD of Person objects and register it as a table.val people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt").map(_.split(",")).map(p => Person(p(0), p(1).trim.toInt))people.registerTempTable("people")// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.val teenagers = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people WHERE age >= 13 AND age <= 19")// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.teenagers.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)编程指定模式当样本类不能提前确定（例如，记录的结构是经过编码的字符串，或者一个文本集合将会被解析，不同的字段投影给不同的用户），一个SchemaRDD可以通过三步来创建。从原来的RDD创建一个行的RDD创建由一个StructType表示的模式与第一步创建的RDD的行结构相匹配在行RDD上通过applySchema方法应用模式// sc is an existing SparkContext.val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)// Create an RDDval people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt")// The schema is encoded in a stringval schemaString = "name age"// Import Spark SQL data types and Row.import org.apache.spark.sql._// Generate the schema based on the string of schemaval schema = StructType( schemaString.split(" ").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))// Convert records of the RDD (people) to Rows.val rowRDD = people.map(_.split(",")).map(p => Row(p(0), p(1).trim))// Apply the schema to the RDD.val peopleSchemaRDD = sqlContext.applySchema(rowRDD, schema)// Register the SchemaRDD as a table.peopleSchemaRDD.registerTempTable("people")// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.val results = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people")// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.results.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)