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linux下sendmail安装及配置
大家可以用shell脚本测试:我这边用了一个php封装好的库测试。
echo ‘This is test mail‘ | mail -s ‘test’ 你的QQ@qq.com
检测是否发送成功
/usr/lib/sendmail -bp
接下来我们按照网上千篇一律的方法来安装配置。以及来分析其中的一些坑。(分别测试腾讯云【不可用】,阿里云【不可用】,搬瓦工【可用】,本地环境【可用】)
1.安装 sendmail 组件,我用的是 CentOS ,使用下面的命令安装
yum install sendmail
2.使用下面的命令重启php-fpm进程
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
3.检测sendmail是否运行正常
/etc/init.d/sendmail status
可能用到的命令
/etc/init.d/sendmail start (启动sendmail)
/etc/init.d/sendmail stop (关闭sendmail)
/etc/init.d/sendmail restart (重启sendmail)
如果显示正在运行running 就可以。但是我测试了阿里云,腾讯云,搬瓦工,以及本地环境(服务器均为LNMP,一致的配置),但是所有服务器都会出现 sendmail dead but subsys locked,报错
为什么会出现这种情况呢?网上所有的回答是有可能是系统已经运行了postfix服务了,有时这两个邮件服务会不兼容,需要关闭postfix服务。
这里会出现一些奇怪的问题:腾讯云,和阿里云服务器没有安装postfix,依旧报错sendmail dead but subsys locked,搬瓦工默认安装了postfix,同样报错,但是不影响发送邮件功能。我们把搬瓦工的postfix暂停后,sendmail status为running,并正常发邮件。
4.配置php.ini,填写sendmail的绝对路径,这里又有坑了。搬瓦工和本地环境 没有配置?;sendmail_path =路径,依旧正常发送邮件,阿里云,腾讯云怎么都是无法发送邮件。
使用命令打开编辑php.ini
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
输入?sendmail_path 查找定位,别按i
;sendmail_path =
再按 i 进入编辑,将这行修改为
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
按 Esc 键退出编辑,输入 :wq 保存退出
5.重启php-fpm进程
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
接下来我们使用第三方邮件邮件来发送 — smtp服务
以网易为例:我们需要登录网易邮箱,进入设置 — smtp,勾选,然后找到??客户端授权密码,这个密码可以自己设置。
然后大家可以下载写好的库和例子进行测试。
http://pan.k88ss.com/github/php_mail.zip
相关代码:index.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>PHP利用smtp类发送邮件范例</title> </head> <body> <form action="sendmail.php" method="post"> <p>收件人:<input type="text" name="toemail" /></p> <p>标 题:<input type="text" name="title" /></p> <p>内 容:<textarea name="content" cols="50" rows="5"></textarea></p> <p><input type="submit" value="发送" /></p> </form> </body> </html> |
相关代码:sendmail.php
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 | <?php /** * 已兼容php7 * 注:本邮件类都是经过我测试成功了的,如果大家发送邮件的时候遇到了失败的问题,请从以下几点排查: * 1. 用户名和密码是否正确; * 2. 检查邮箱设置是否启用了smtp服务; * 3. 是否是php环境的问题导致; * 4. 将26行的$smtp->debug = false改为true,可以显示错误信息,然后可以复制报错信息到网上搜一下错误的原因; * 5. 如果还是不能解决,可以访问:http://www.k88.net/19652.html * 下面的评论中,可能有你要找的答案。 * * * Last update time:2018/07 * UPDATE: * 1、替换了高版本不支持的写法,如ereg、ereg_replace. * 2、将 var 改为 public/private等. * 3、使其兼容php7. * */ require_once "Smtp.class.php"; //******************** 配置信息 ******************************** $smtpserver = "smtp.163.com";//SMTP服务器 $smtpserverport =25;//163的SMTP服务器端口 $smtpusermail = "xxx@163.com";//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱 $smtpemailto = $_POST['toemail'];//发送给谁 $smtpuser = "xxx";//SMTP服务器的用户帐号,注:部分邮箱只需@前面的用户名 $smtppass = "163的授权密码";//SMTP服务器的用户密码(现在一般为授权码) $mailtitle = $_POST['title'];//邮件主题 $mailcontent = "<h1>".$_POST['content']."</h1>";//邮件内容 $mailtype = "HTML";//邮件格式(HTML/TXT),TXT为文本邮件 //************************ 配置信息 **************************** $smtp = new Smtp($smtpserver,$smtpserverport,true,$smtpuser,$smtppass);//这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证. $smtp->debug = false;//是否显示发送的调试信息 $state = $smtp->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailtitle, $mailcontent, $mailtype); echo "<div style='width:300px; margin:36px auto;'>"; if($state==""){ echo "对不起,邮件发送失败!请检查邮箱填写是否有误。"; echo "<a href='index.html'>点此返回</a>"; exit(); } echo "恭喜!邮件发送成功!!"; echo "<a href='index.html'>点此返回</a>"; echo "</div>"; ?> |
相关代码 Smtp.class.php
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 | <?php /** * email smtp (support php7) * * Modified by: Reson 2017/06 * UPDATE: * 1、change ereg to preg_match;change ereg_replace to preg_replace. * 2、change var to public/private. * * More: http://www.daixiaorui.com * */ class Smtp { /* Public Variables */ public $smtp_port; public $time_out; public $host_name; public $log_file; public $relay_host; public $debug; public $auth; public $user; public $pass; /* Private Variables */ private $sock; /* Constractor */ function __construct($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 25,$auth = false,$user,$pass) { $this->debug = FALSE; $this->smtp_port = $smtp_port; $this->relay_host = $relay_host; $this->time_out = 30; //is used in fsockopen() $this->auth = $auth;//auth $this->user = $user; $this->pass = $pass; $this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command $this->log_file = ""; $this->sock = FALSE; } /* Main Function */ function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "") { $mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from)); $body = preg_replace("/(^|(\r\n))(\.)/", "\1.\3", $body); $header = "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n"; if($mailtype=="HTML"){ $header .= "Content-Type:text/html\r\n"; } $header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n"; if ($cc != "") { $header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n"; } $header .= "From: $from<".$from.">\r\n"; $header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n"; $header .= $additional_headers; $header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n"; $header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n"; list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime()); $header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n"; $TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to)); if ($cc != "") { $TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc))); } if ($bcc != "") { $TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc))); } $sent = TRUE; foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) { $rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to); if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) { $this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to ".$rcpt_to."\n"); $sent = FALSE; continue; } if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) { $this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <".$rcpt_to.">\n"); } else { $this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <".$rcpt_to.">\n"); $sent = FALSE; } fclose($this->sock); $this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n"); } return $sent; } /* Private Functions */ function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "") { if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) { return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command"); } //auth if($this->auth){ if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) { return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command"); } if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) { return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command"); } } if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) { return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command"); } if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) { return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command"); } if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) { return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command"); } if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) { return $this->smtp_error("sending message"); } if (!$this->smtp_eom()) { return $this->smtp_error("sending <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]"); } if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) { return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command"); } return TRUE; } function smtp_sockopen($address) { if ($this->relay_host == "") { return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address); } else { return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay(); } } function smtp_sockopen_relay() { $this->log_write("Trying to ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n"); $this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out); if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) { $this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n"); $this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n"); return FALSE; } $this->log_write("Connected to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n"); return TRUE; } function smtp_sockopen_mx($address) { $domain = preg_replace("/^.+@([^@]+)$/", "\1", $address); if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) { $this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX "".$domain.""\n"); return FALSE; } //专注与php学习 http://www.daixiaorui.com 欢迎您的访问 foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) { $this->log_write("Trying to ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n"); $this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out); if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) { $this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host ".$host."\n"); $this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n"); continue; } $this->log_write("Connected to mx host ".$host."\n"); return TRUE; } $this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n"); return FALSE; } function smtp_message($header, $body) { fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body); $this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> ")); return TRUE; } function smtp_eom() { fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n"); $this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n"); return $this->smtp_ok(); } function smtp_ok() { $response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512)); $this->smtp_debug($response."\n"); if (!preg_match("/^[23]/", $response)) { fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n"); fgets($this->sock, 512); $this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned "".$response.""\n"); return FALSE; } return TRUE; } function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "") { if ($arg != "") { if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg; else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg; } fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n"); $this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n"); return $this->smtp_ok(); } function smtp_error($string) { $this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while ".$string.".\n"); return FALSE; } function log_write($message) { $this->smtp_debug($message); if ($this->log_file == "") { return TRUE; } $message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message; if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) { $this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file "".$this->log_file.""\n"); return FALSE; } flock($fp, LOCK_EX); fputs($fp, $message); fclose($fp); return TRUE; } function strip_comment($address) { $comment = "/\([^()]*\)/"; while (preg_match($comment, $address)) { $address = preg_replace($comment, "", $address); } return $address; } function get_address($address) { $address = preg_replace("/([ \t\r\n])+/", "", $address); $address = preg_replace("/^.*<(.+)>.*$/", "\1", $address); return $address; } function smtp_debug($message) { if ($this->debug) { echo $message; } } } |
linux下sendmail安装及配置