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Go 语言结构体
Go 语言结构体Go 语言中数组可以存储同一类型的数据,但在结构体中我们可以为不同项定义不同的数据类型。结构体是由一系列具有相同类型或不同类型的数据构成的数据集合。结构体表示一项记录,比如保存图书馆的书籍记录,每本书有以下属性:Title :标题Author : 作者Subject:学科ID:书籍ID定义结构体结构体定义需要使用 type 和 struct 语句。struct 语句定义一个新的数据类型,结构体有中有一个或多个成员。type 语句设定了结构体的名称。结构体的格式如下:type struct_variable_type struct { member definition; member definition; ... member definition;}一旦定义了结构体类型,它就能用于变量的声明,语法格式如下:variable_name :
= structure_variable_type {value1, value2...valuen}或variable_name :
= structure_variable_type { key1:
value1, key2:
value2..., keyn:
valuen}实例如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { // 创建一个新的结构体 fmt.Println(Books{"Go 语言", "www.k88.net", "Go 语言教程", 6495407}) // 也可以使用 key => value 格式 fmt.Println(Books{title:
"Go 语言", author:
"www.k88.net", subject:
"Go 语言教程", book_id:
6495407}) // 忽略的字段为 0 或 空 fmt.Println(Books{title:
"Go 语言", author:
"www.k88.net"})}输出结果为:{Go 语言 www.k88.net Go 语言教程 6495407}{Go 语言 www.k88.net Go 语言教程 6495407}{Go 语言 www.k88.net 0}访问结构体成员如果要访问结构体成员,需要使用点号 . 操作符,格式为: 结构体.成员名"结构体类型变量使用 struct 关键字定义,实例如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */ var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ fmt.Printf( "Book 1 title :
%s\n", Book1.title) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 author :
%s\n", Book1.author) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 subject :
%s\n", Book1.subject) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 book_id :
%d\n", Book1.book_id) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ fmt.Printf( "Book 2 title :
%s\n", Book2.title) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 author :
%s\n", Book2.author) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 subject :
%s\n", Book2.subject) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 book_id :
%d\n", Book2.book_id)}以上实例执行运行结果为:Book 1 title :
Go 语言Book 1 author :
www.k88.netBook 1 subject :
Go 语言教程Book 1 book_id :
6495407Book 2 title :
Python 教程Book 2 author :
www.k88.netBook 2 subject :
Python 语言教程Book 2 book_id :
6495700结构体作为函数参数你可以像其他数据类型一样将结构体类型作为参数传递给函数。并以以上实例的方式访问结构体变量:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */ var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ printBook(Book1) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ printBook(Book2)}func printBook( book Books ) { fmt.Printf( "Book title :
%s\n", book.title); fmt.Printf( "Book author :
%s\n", book.author); fmt.Printf( "Book subject :
%s\n", book.subject); fmt.Printf( "Book book_id :
%d\n", book.book_id);}以上实例执行运行结果为:Book title :
Go 语言Book author :
www.k88.netBook subject :
Go 语言教程Book book_id :
6495407Book title :
Python 教程Book author :
www.k88.netBook subject :
Python 语言教程Book book_id :
6495700结构体指针你可以定义指向结构体的指针类似于其他指针变量,格式如下:var struct_pointer *Books以上定义的指针变量可以存储结构体变量的地址。查看结构体变量地址,可以将 & 符号放置于结构体变量前:struct_pointer = &Book1;使用结构体指针访问结构体成员,使用 "." 操作符:struct_pointer.title;接下来让我们使用结构体指针重写以上实例,代码如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */ var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ printBook(&Book1) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ printBook(&Book2)}func printBook( book *Books ) { fmt.Printf( "Book title :
%s\n", book.title); fmt.Printf( "Book author :
%s\n", book.author); fmt.Printf( "Book subject :
%s\n", book.subject); fmt.Printf( "Book book_id :
%d\n", book.book_id);}以上实例执行运行结
= structure_variable_type {value1, value2...valuen}或variable_name :
= structure_variable_type { key1:
value1, key2:
value2..., keyn:
valuen}实例如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { // 创建一个新的结构体 fmt.Println(Books{"Go 语言", "www.k88.net", "Go 语言教程", 6495407}) // 也可以使用 key => value 格式 fmt.Println(Books{title:
"Go 语言", author:
"www.k88.net", subject:
"Go 语言教程", book_id:
6495407}) // 忽略的字段为 0 或 空 fmt.Println(Books{title:
"Go 语言", author:
"www.k88.net"})}输出结果为:{Go 语言 www.k88.net Go 语言教程 6495407}{Go 语言 www.k88.net Go 语言教程 6495407}{Go 语言 www.k88.net 0}访问结构体成员如果要访问结构体成员,需要使用点号 . 操作符,格式为: 结构体.成员名"结构体类型变量使用 struct 关键字定义,实例如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */ var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ fmt.Printf( "Book 1 title :
%s\n", Book1.title) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 author :
%s\n", Book1.author) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 subject :
%s\n", Book1.subject) fmt.Printf( "Book 1 book_id :
%d\n", Book1.book_id) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ fmt.Printf( "Book 2 title :
%s\n", Book2.title) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 author :
%s\n", Book2.author) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 subject :
%s\n", Book2.subject) fmt.Printf( "Book 2 book_id :
%d\n", Book2.book_id)}以上实例执行运行结果为:Book 1 title :
Go 语言Book 1 author :
www.k88.netBook 1 subject :
Go 语言教程Book 1 book_id :
6495407Book 2 title :
Python 教程Book 2 author :
www.k88.netBook 2 subject :
Python 语言教程Book 2 book_id :
6495700结构体作为函数参数你可以像其他数据类型一样将结构体类型作为参数传递给函数。并以以上实例的方式访问结构体变量:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */ var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ printBook(Book1) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ printBook(Book2)}func printBook( book Books ) { fmt.Printf( "Book title :
%s\n", book.title); fmt.Printf( "Book author :
%s\n", book.author); fmt.Printf( "Book subject :
%s\n", book.subject); fmt.Printf( "Book book_id :
%d\n", book.book_id);}以上实例执行运行结果为:Book title :
Go 语言Book author :
www.k88.netBook subject :
Go 语言教程Book book_id :
6495407Book title :
Python 教程Book author :
www.k88.netBook subject :
Python 语言教程Book book_id :
6495700结构体指针你可以定义指向结构体的指针类似于其他指针变量,格式如下:var struct_pointer *Books以上定义的指针变量可以存储结构体变量的地址。查看结构体变量地址,可以将 & 符号放置于结构体变量前:struct_pointer = &Book1;使用结构体指针访问结构体成员,使用 "." 操作符:struct_pointer.title;接下来让我们使用结构体指针重写以上实例,代码如下:package mainimport "fmt"type Books struct { title string author string subject string book_id int}func main() { var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */ var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */ /* book 1 描述 */ Book1.title = "Go 语言" Book1.author = "www.k88.net" Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程" Book1.book_id = 6495407 /* book 2 描述 */ Book2.title = "Python 教程" Book2.author = "www.k88.net" Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程" Book2.book_id = 6495700 /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ printBook(&Book1) /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ printBook(&Book2)}func printBook( book *Books ) { fmt.Printf( "Book title :
%s\n", book.title); fmt.Printf( "Book author :
%s\n", book.author); fmt.Printf( "Book subject :
%s\n", book.subject); fmt.Printf( "Book book_id :
%d\n", book.book_id);}以上实例执行运行结
Go 语言结构体